Evolutionary dynamics is a research field and theoretical framework dedicated to understanding how populations change over time under the influence of various evolutionary forces. It employs mathematical modeling, computational simulations, and empirical data analysis to investigate the mechanisms driving the temporal evolution of traits, strategies, or genotypes within populations, including the interplay of selection, mutation, drift, migration, and interaction dynamics. This concept is fundamental for predicting population trajectories, analyzing system stability, and explaining the emergence, persistence, and diversity of biological, social, and other complex adaptive systems.